Pineal and CNS germ cell tumors: Royal Marsden Hospital experience 1962-1987

A retrospective analysis has been made of all patients with pineal and CNS germ cell tumors who were treated at The Royal Marsden Hospital between 1962-1987. A total of 67 new cases were seen: 17 had initial histological verification of tumor type and the remainder were tested for radiosensitivity with a dose of 20 Gy following a shunting procedure. Patients with germ cell or radiosensitive tumors were treated with a uniform policy of whole neuraxis radiotherapy giving 50 Gy to the local tumor and 30 Gy to the remaining brain and spinal cord. Nonresponding lesions continued with local fields to a dose of 50 Gy. Patients were divided into three groups (a) germinoma and radiosensitive tumours, 34 cases; (b) malignant teratoma, 12 cases; (c) non-germ cell, 21 cases. Median follow-up is 83 months (range 2-246 months). Overall and cause specific actuarial 5/10 year survival were for group 1, 81.7%/69.4% and 86.5%;/86.5%; group 2, 18.2%/18.2% and 18.2%/18.2%, and group 3, 64.3%/46.8% and 64.3%/52.6%, respectively. No patient in group 1 treated during the last 12 years has recurred. Univariate analysis of factors at presentation, showed that neurological performance status (p less than .001) as well as tumor type (p less than .001) correlated with outcome. Recurrence was confined to the primary site in only 1 of 4 patients in group 1 compared to 6 of 9 patients in group 2 and 9 of 10 patients in group 3. No isolated spinal recurrence occurred in group 1 patients. A total of eight patients have received platinum containing chemotherapy for recurrence (6 cases) or adjuvant therapy (4 cases). Germinomas appear to respond better than teratomas, all of which have recurred rapidly following initial partial response. Shunting and radiosensitivity testing remains the treatment of choice for tumors compatible with germinoma. Craniospinal irradiation is associated with low morbidity providing spinal growth is complete and is recommended in older patients as salvage following spinal recurrence is unsatisfactory. Aggressive combined modality approaches with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy need to be investigated to improve results in CNS teratoma.