Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
08:33

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

Novel interactions between FOXM1 and CDC25A regulate the cell cycle

Con Sullivan1, Youhong Liu, Jingjing Shen

  • 1Maine Institute for Human Genetics and Health, Brewer, Maine, United States of America.

Plos One
|December 15, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) directly regulates CDC25A gene transcription and cell cycle progression. This study reveals FOXM1

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Cycle Regulation
  • Gene Transcription

Background:

  • FOXM1 is a key regulator of cell cycle transitions and mitotic spindle assembly.
  • The precise mechanism by which FOXM1 regulates CDC25A transcription was previously unknown.
  • CDC25B and CDC25C were known to activate CDK1/cyclinB for FOXM1 phosphorylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of FOXM1-mediated CDC25A gene transcription.
  • To investigate the functional relationship between FOXM1 and CDC25A in cell cycle control.
  • To determine if CDC25A activates FOXM1 phosphorylation similarly to CDC25B and CDC25C.

Main Methods:

  • Promoter binding assays to assess direct FOXM1 regulation of CDC25A.
  • Analysis of E2F-dependent pathways.
  • Co-expression studies of FOXM1 and CDC25A.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to investigate FOXM1 phosphorylation sites (T600, T611, T620).
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to detect protein interactions between FOXM1 and CDC25A.

Main Results:

  • FOXM1 directly binds to the CDC25A promoter, regulating its transcription.
  • FOXM1 transcriptional activity is synergistically enhanced by CDC25A co-expression, dependent on CDK1 phosphorylation of FOXM1 at T600, T611, and T620.
  • A novel interaction between FOXM1 and CDC25A was identified, enhanced by FOXM1 phosphorylation and dependent on CDC25A phosphatase activity.

Conclusions:

  • FOXM1 directly regulates CDC25A transcription through promoter binding and activation of E2F pathways.
  • CDC25A enhances FOXM1 transcriptional activity via CDK1-mediated phosphorylation, establishing a positive feedback loop.
  • A novel, phosphorylation-dependent interaction between FOXM1 and CDC25A provides new insights into cell cycle control mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast08:13

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast

Published on: September 26, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.