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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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Evolutionarily conserved histone methylation dynamics during seed life-cycle transitions.

Kerstin Müller1, Daniel Bouyer, Arp Schnittger

  • 1Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada. kermode@sfu.ca

Plos One
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Plant seed dormancy is broken by moist chilling, which alters gene regulation. This involves a switch from activating H3K4me3 marks to repressive H3K27me3 marks, a process conserved across plant evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Plants synchronize life cycles with seasonal changes through transcriptional reprogramming.
  • Seed dormancy and germination are critical life cycle transitions influenced by environmental cues.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these transitions is key to plant adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptional reprogramming during the transition from seed dormancy to germination.
  • To elucidate the role of chromatin dynamics, specifically H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks, in this process.
  • To determine the evolutionary conservation of these epigenetic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chromatin dynamics of key regulatory genes during seed dormancy and germination.
  • Focus on antagonistic histone methylation marks: H3K4me3 (activating) and H3K27me3 (repressive).
  • Investigating the necessity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) for the transition.

Main Results:

  • Histone methylation patterns of major dormancy regulators changed significantly during the transition.
  • A switch from H3K4me3 to H3K27me3 was observed upon breaking dormancy with moist chilling.
  • This reciprocal regulation is essential for the transition and is conserved in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications, particularly the balance of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, play a crucial role in regulating seed dormancy and germination.
  • A functional PRC2 complex is necessary for the transition from dormancy to active growth.
  • The conserved nature of this epigenetic regulation highlights its fundamental importance in plant development across diverse species.