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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials

Published on: July 8, 2021

Tooth bleaching increases dentinal protease activity.

C Sato1, F A Rodrigues, D M Garcia

  • 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.

Journal of Dental Research
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental vital bleaching with hydrogen peroxide significantly damages tooth enamel and dentin. It alters nanostructure, reduces collagen, and increases damaging enzymes and reactive oxygen species in pulp tissue.

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Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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Published on: March 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen peroxide is a common dental bleaching agent.
  • Understanding its effects on tooth structure and pulp is crucial for safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and biochemical effects of in vivo dental bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide on human teeth.
  • To assess changes in enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for enamel nanostructure.
  • Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical composition.
  • Enzyme activity assays for cathepsin B and MMPs.
  • Confocal fluorescence microscopy for collagen and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) detection.

Main Results:

  • Surface enamel nanostructure corrosion observed via AFM.
  • FTIR revealed loss of carbonate and proteins in enamel and dentin.
  • Increased cathepsin B and MMP activity noted.
  • Reduced collagen autofluorescence and increased ROS in pulp tissues.

Conclusions:

  • 35% hydrogen peroxide vital bleaching significantly alters dental hard tissues (enamel, dentin) and soft pulp tissue.
  • Observed changes include structural degradation and biochemical alterations, indicating potential risks associated with bleaching procedures.