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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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PKD controls mitotic Golgi complex fragmentation through a Raf-MEK1 pathway.

Christine Kienzle1, Stephan A Eisler, Julien Villeneuve

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Protein kinase D (PKD) is essential for Golgi apparatus separation before cell division. Depleting PKD halts cell cycle progression and prevents entry into mitosis by blocking key signaling pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Golgi apparatus fragmentation is a hallmark of mitosis.
  • Protein kinase D (PKD) regulates Golgi-to-cell surface transport.
  • Golgi stack separation is a prerequisite for mitotic entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Protein kinase D (PKD) in mitotic entry and Golgi apparatus dynamics.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PKD influences cell cycle progression.
  • To determine if PKD is involved in the regulation of Golgi fragmentation during mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • Depletion of PKD1 and PKD2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HeLa cells.
  • Cell cycle analysis to assess mitotic entry.
  • Western blotting to examine Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activation.
  • Rescue experiments with active MEK1.
  • Golgi fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to analyze membrane dynamics.

Main Results:

  • PKD depletion caused cell cycle arrest in G2 phase, preventing mitotic entry.
  • PKD inhibition blocked mitotic Raf-1 and MEK activation.
  • Mitotic Golgi fragmentation was prevented upon PKD inhibition.
  • Expression of active MEK1 rescued the mitotic defects.
  • PKD is crucial for the cleavage of Golgi non-compact zones in G2 phase.

Conclusions:

  • PKD is essential for mammalian cell entry into mitosis.
  • PKD controls interstack Golgi connections via a Raf-1/MEK1-dependent pathway.
  • This regulation of Golgi structure by PKD is critical for successful cell division.