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Multistage carbon dioxide gas stunning of broilers.

M A Gerritzen1, H G M Reimert, V A Hindle

  • 1Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands. Marien.gerritzen@wur.nl

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Poultry gas stunning using carbon dioxide (CO2) in two phases offers a viable alternative to water baths. A 5-stage method proved more effective, minimizing distress and ensuring proper stunning for improved animal welfare.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Welfare Science
  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Veterinary Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Conventional water bath stunning in poultry has demonstrated low efficiency, prompting its phase-out in the Netherlands.
  • Multistage gas stunning using carbon dioxide (CO2) is emerging as a primary alternative, recognized across Europe.
  • Evaluating bird behavior and physiological responses during gas stunning is crucial for ensuring humane slaughter practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and animal welfare implications of two-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) gas stunning methods for poultry.
  • To compare a 6-minute, 5-stage incremental CO2 scheme with a 4-minute, 4-stage scheme.
  • To determine the onset of unconsciousness and observe behavioral indicators of distress.

Main Methods:

  • Three experimental sets were conducted using two-phase CO2 stunning.
  • Experiment 2 involved 25 instrumented birds (electrodes for brain/heart activity) and 15 non-instrumented birds to monitor unconsciousness and behavior.
  • Two CO2 concentration schemes were tested: a 5-stage, 6-minute method and a 4-stage, 4-minute method.

Main Results:

  • Both multistage gas stunning methods were stable, consistent, and reliable in increasing CO2 concentrations.
  • Unconsciousness was induced below 40% CO2, with no significant difference between the two tested methods.
  • Some birds exhibited distress behaviors (head shaking, wing flapping) before losing consciousness, though discomfort was comparable to handling stress.

Conclusions:

  • Multistage gas stunning presents distinct advantages for poultry welfare compared to traditional methods.
  • The 5-stage, 6-minute CO2 stunning method is preferred due to a lower risk of convulsions and potential injuries.
  • This method ensures consistent and proper stunning for all birds, addressing concerns with water bath systems.