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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical indicator...
Pulse01:05

Pulse

The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls between...
Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

Alterations in Pulse Pressure Affect Artery Function.

Danika M Hayman1, Yangming Xiao, Qingping Yao

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, China ; Biomedical Engineering Program, UTSA-UTHSCSA, China.

Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulse pressure significantly impacts artery function. Increased pulse pressure affects artery tone and permeability, while decreased pulse pressure influences cell proliferation, revealing initial arterial responses.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

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Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome
06:04

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Pulse pressure variations are linked to cardiovascular diseases and interventions.
  • The precise impact of altered pulse pressure on vascular wall structure and function remains incompletely understood.
  • Investigating these effects is crucial for understanding vascular health and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of increased and decreased pulse pressure on artery function.
  • To examine cellular function and extracellular matrix remodeling under varied pulse pressure conditions.
  • To elucidate the immediate responses of the arterial wall to acute changes in pulse pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine carotid arteries were cultured under three distinct pressure conditions: non-pulsatile (100 mmHg), pulsatile (70-130 mmHg), and hyper-pulsatile (50-150 mmHg) for 1-3 days.
  • Assessed parameters included vasomotor response, wall permeability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and expression of key proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, caveolin-1, α-actin).
  • Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) gene expression was also analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Hyper-pulsatile pressure led to reduced artery responsiveness to sodium nitroprusside, decreased basal tone, and diminished wall permeability after three days.
  • Non-pulsatile pressure resulted in increased cell proliferation.
  • Neither condition significantly altered the extracellular matrix or the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, caveolin-1, or α-actin. Hyper-pulsatile pressure increased MCP-1 gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Acute application of altered pulse pressure has a limited but distinct effect on arterial properties.
  • Increased pulse pressure impacts vascular tone and permeability, while decreased pulse pressure affects cell proliferation.
  • These findings provide initial insights into the immediate mechanistic responses of arteries to changes in pulse pressure.