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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
09:01

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

Precompensation for mutual coupling between array elements in parallel excitation.

Yong Pang1, Xiaoliang Zhang

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States;

Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a precompensation method to mitigate mutual coupling in parallel transmission MRI. The new technique improves excitation profile accuracy and overall image quality in parallel excitation.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Radiofrequency (RF) Engineering

Background:

  • Parallel transmission (PT) enables faster MRI by using coil arrays and sensitivity information for spatial selective excitation.
  • Mutual coupling between RF coil array elements degrades excitation profiles and image quality in PT-MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a precompensation method for addressing mutual coupling effects in parallel transmission MRI.
  • To improve the accuracy and performance of parallel excitation by compensating for RF array mutual coupling.

Main Methods:

  • A precompensation method was developed by incorporating the mutual coupling coefficient matrix into the RF pulse design for parallel transmission.
  • 90° RF pulses were designed using both the standard transmit SENSE method and the proposed precompensation method.
  • Excitation profiles were simulated using the Bloch equation to assess performance.

Main Results:

  • The proposed precompensation method effectively compensated for mutual coupling effects in parallel transmission.
  • Simulations demonstrated that the method enhances tolerance to insufficient mutual decoupling in RF arrays.
  • Improved performance and accuracy of parallel excitation were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The developed precompensation method is effective in mitigating mutual coupling artifacts in parallel transmission MRI.
  • This approach offers a practical solution for improving RF array design and parallel excitation performance.
  • The findings contribute to enhanced accuracy and reliability in advanced MRI techniques.