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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence
09:18

Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence

Published on: January 29, 2019

Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) isoforms.

Cindy Bandala1, A Miliar-García, C M Mejía-Barradas

  • 1Research Support Group, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) proteins and mRNA were analyzed in breast cancer cell lines. Findings suggest SV2 may serve as a molecular marker and therapeutic vehicle for breast cancer treatment.

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Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay
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Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
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Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence
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Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence

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Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay
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Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay

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Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Breast cancer, particularly of unknown causes, significantly impacts women's health globally.
  • Novel molecular markers are crucial for advancing cancer prevention and therapeutics.
  • Synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) isoforms A, B, and C are potential targets for investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) isoforms A, B, and C in various breast cancer cell lines.
  • To explore the potential of SV2 as a molecular marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
  • To examine the correlation between genomic and protein expression of SV2 isoforms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cultured breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, T47D) and a non-tumorigenic cell line (MCF-10A).
  • Analyzed protein expression using Western blot technique.
  • Quantified mRNA expression via real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • SV2A and SV2B proteins were detected in both non-tumor and tumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231, T47D).
  • SV2C protein was exclusively found in the T47D cell line.
  • Genomic expression generally aligned with protein expression, with notable exceptions like absent SV2B genomic expression in MDA-MB-231 cells and no SV2C expression in non-tumoral cells.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of SV2 isoforms in breast cancer suggests a potential cellular transdifferentiation towards a neural character.
  • These findings highlight the potential utility of SV2 as a molecular marker for breast cancer.
  • SV2 may also serve as a vehicle for targeted cancer therapies, such as with botulinum toxin.