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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...

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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

The overlap between the common mental disorders--challenges for classification.

David Goldberg1

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK. davidgoldberg@yahoo.com

International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychiatric classifications for major mental disorders lack clear boundaries, complicating diagnoses. A pseudo-dimensional approach may offer the best current solution for improving mental health classification systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Mental Health Classification

Background:

  • Current psychiatric classification systems face challenges due to unclear distinctions between major mental disorders like psychoses.
  • These classification issues are further complicated by common mental disorders, impacting diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the limitations of existing psychiatric classification systems for major and common mental disorders.
  • To evaluate potential solutions including hierarchical systems, co-morbidity, and dimensional approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of three proposed solutions for psychiatric classification.
  • Analysis of the feasibility and implications of each approach.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchical systems and frequent co-morbidity present significant challenges in psychiatric classification.
  • A pseudo-dimensional system is identified as a potentially effective interim solution.

Conclusions:

  • Existing psychiatric classification systems require refinement due to blurred diagnostic lines.
  • While a fully validated dimensional system is a future goal, a pseudo-dimensional approach offers practical improvements for current mental health diagnostics.