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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Interleukin-27: balancing protective and pathological immunity.

Christopher A Hunter1, Rob Kastelein

  • 1Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA. chunter@vet.upenn.edu.

Immunity
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine that regulates T cell responses. Research highlights its role in immunity, inflammation, and potential therapeutic applications in diseases and antitumor immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cytokine Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and its receptor components identified over 15 years ago.
  • Recent decade focused on IL-27 signaling pathways and its modulation of T cell responses.
  • Growing understanding of IL-27's dual role in protective versus pathological immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide an overview of IL-27 immunobiology.
  • Review advances in IL-27 and IL-27 receptor subunit functions.
  • Highlight IL-27's role in balancing immunity and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published research on IL-27.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways engaged by IL-27.
  • Examination of experimental and clinical data on IL-27 in disease.

Main Results:

  • IL-27 significantly modulates the intensity and duration of T cell responses.
  • IL-27 influences the balance between protective and pathological immunity.
  • IL-27 shows potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions and antitumor responses.

Conclusions:

  • IL-27 is a critical regulator of immune responses with diverse functions.
  • Understanding IL-27's role is key to developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate IL-27's clinical applications.