[Conservative treatment of renal cell carcinoma in kidney transplantation]

To evaluate the new treatment strategies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that affects the graft in renal recipients.

A literature review is made, analyzing all the published cases of conservative surgery in renal graft RCC.

A total of 51 partial nephrectomies in renal graft patients have been described, with a graft survival rate of 88% and a recurrence rate of 6%. Most of the patients (75%) were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, and the mean lesion size was 2.8 cm. Enucleation was the most frequent technique employed. 77% of all immunosuppressor regimens included cyclosporine A. Six patients with graft RCC were subjected to radiofrequency ablation and two patients underwent percutaneous cryoablation, with a single case of relapse and a graft survival rate of 100%.

Nephron-sparing surgery is a good management option in renal graft RCC, affording good oncological control and graft survival. Modification of immunosuppression with the withdrawal of cyclosporine A and the introduction of mTOR inhibitors is an adequate measure in such patients.