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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

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Published on: December 24, 2016

Circulatory antigen processing by mucosal dendritic cells controls CD8(+) T cell activation.

Sun-Young Chang1, Joo-Hye Song, Bayasi Guleng

  • 1Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Immunity
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Lamina propria dendritic cells (DCs) process circulatory antigens in the small intestine. This leads to the generation of CD8(+) T cells that help regulate mucosal immune responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Circulatory antigens enter the small intestine through capillaries in the lamina propria.
  • The role of this antigen transit in controlling mucosal immune responses is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how dendritic cells (DCs) in the lamina propria handle circulatory antigens.
  • To determine the impact of antigen processing by these DCs on mucosal immune cell differentiation and function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of antigen sampling and processing by lamina propria dendritic cells (DCs).
  • Investigation of antigen cross-presentation by CX3CR1(+) DCs.
  • Characterization of T cell differentiation and cytokine production (IL-10, IL-13, IL-9) following antigen exposure.

Main Results:

  • Lamina propria DCs can sample and process both circulatory and luminal antigens.
  • Antigen cross-presentation by CX3CR1(+) DCs induces CD8(+) T cell differentiation.
  • These CD8(+) T cells express IL-10, IL-13, and IL-9 and can migrate within the tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Lamina propria CX3CR1(+) DCs are crucial for monitoring circulatory antigens in the small intestine.
  • These DCs act as a processing hub for self- and absorbed antigens.
  • The process induces regulatory CD8(+) T cells that modulate mucosal immune responses.