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Understanding maternal smoking during pregnancy: does residential context matter?
1Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. cms534@psu.edu
Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|December 19, 2012
Summary
County-level social capital influences maternal smoking during pregnancy. Higher social capital increased odds of smoking overall, but decreased odds in rural areas, highlighting the importance of community factors.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Rural Health
Background:
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant public health concern.
- Factors beyond individual characteristics, such as social and community factors, may influence maternal smoking behaviors.
- Social capital, defined by social networks and norms of reciprocity, has complex associations with health behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between county-level social capital and rurality with maternal smoking during pregnancy in the United States.
- To determine if community characteristics, beyond individual factors, are linked to smoking during pregnancy.
- To explore the differential impact of social capital on maternal smoking in rural versus non-rural areas.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data for all women who gave birth in the U.S. in 2007.
- Employed multilevel logistic regression models to analyze the associations.
- Defined social capital using Putnam's framework and rurality using an ecological dimension based on population size and density.
Main Results:
- County-level social capital was significantly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy.
- Higher social capital in a county correlated with increased odds of smoking during pregnancy.
- In rural counties, higher social capital was linked to decreased odds of smoking during pregnancy (11% risk reduction per unit increase).
- Improved county socioeconomic status was associated with reduced risk of maternal smoking.
Conclusions:
- Community characteristics, including social capital and socioeconomic status, play a crucial role in maternal smoking behaviors.
- Interventions to reduce maternal smoking should consider county-level factors, especially in rural settings.
- The relationship between social capital and maternal smoking is nuanced, varying by geographic context (rural vs. non-rural).
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