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Cryogenic Sample Loading into a Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer that Preserves Cellular Viability
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Controlled ice nucleation in cryopreservation--a review.

G John Morris1, Elizabeth Acton

  • 1Asymptote Ltd., St. John's Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge, UK. jmorris@asymptote.co.uk

Cryobiology
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Controlling ice nucleation is crucial for consistent cryopreservation outcomes. This review examines methods to standardize cell preservation, improving viability and reducing sample variability in biobanking and clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Cryobiology
  • Biopreservation
  • Cellular cryopreservation

Background:

  • Ice nucleation in aqueous solutions typically occurs after significant undercooling.
  • Controlled ice nucleation is vital for embryo and oocyte cryopreservation but often overlooked for other cell types.
  • Understanding ice nucleation and crystal growth is key for effective cryopreservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on controlling ice nucleation in cryopreservation.
  • To emphasize non-IVF applications and the impact on various cell types and tissues.
  • To define undercooling extent and examine ice nucleation control methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ice nucleation control in cryopreservation.
  • Analysis of undercooling during cooling of cryocontainers.
  • Examination of methods to control ice nucleation.
  • Presentation of effects of controlled nucleation on sample structure and cryopreservation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ice nucleation is a significant uncontrolled variable in conventional cryopreservation, causing sample variability.
  • Controlled ice nucleation enhances cell recovery, viability, and function.
  • Standardization of cryopreservation protocols is achievable through controlled ice nucleation.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled ice nucleation is essential for standardizing cryopreservation protocols for biobanking, cell-based assays, and clinical applications.
  • Implementing controlled ice nucleation as a standard operating procedure increases cell viability and reduces inter-sample variability.
  • This intervention offers a pathway to more reliable and reproducible cryopreservation outcomes.