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Monosomal karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia defines a distinct subgroup within the adverse cytogenetic risk

Georgia Voutiadou1, George Papaioannou, Maria Gaitatzi

  • 1Hematology Department and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Cancer Genetics
|December 19, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Monosomal karyotype (MK) is a significant indicator in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identifying patients with poor prognosis. This study found MK in 11.3% of AML cases, linked to advanced age and worse survival outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cytogenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Monosomal karyotype (MK) is an emerging marker for adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • Understanding the frequency and clinical impact of MK is crucial for refining AML risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of MK in a large, unselected AML cohort.
  • To investigate associations between MK, clinicobiological features, and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 549 unselected AML cases diagnosed over 13 years.
  • Karyotyping to identify monosomal karyotype (MK).
  • Comparison of MK-positive cases with MK-negative unfavorable karyotype cases.

Main Results:

  • MK was identified in 11.3% (62/549) of AML cases, predominantly with complex karyotypes.
  • MK was significantly associated with advanced age, lower white blood cell count at diagnosis, and inferior overall survival (6.5 vs. 15 months).
  • These associations remained significant even when compared to AML cases with unfavorable karyotypes but without MK.

Conclusions:

  • Monosomal karyotype (MK) identifies a substantial subset of AML patients with unfavorable cytogenetics.
  • MK is associated with a distinct clinical profile and poorer outcomes compared to other unfavorable risk groups.

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