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Regulation of the MIR155 host gene in physiological and pathological processes

Terry S Elton1, Helina Selemon, Shane M Elton

  • 1Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Gene
|December 19, 2012
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression. This review details how MIR155HG gene expression is controlled and discusses therapeutic strategies targeting miR-155-5p for various diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs crucial for posttranscriptional gene regulation.
  • miR-155-5p, processed from the MIR155 host gene (MIR155HG), is highly expressed in immune cells.
  • miR-155-5p is implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including immunity, inflammation, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms of MIR155HG expression.
  • To explore the role of miR-155-5p in various diseases.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting miR-155-5p.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on MIR155HG regulation and miR-155-5p function.
  • Analysis of data linking miR-155-5p dysregulation to disease pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of information on therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • MIR155HG expression is subject to complex regulation.
  • Overexpression of miR-155-5p is associated with numerous pathologies.
  • miR-155-5p plays a significant role in immune cell differentiation and function.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MIR155HG regulation is key to controlling miR-155-5p levels.
  • Therapeutic attenuation of miR-155-5p may offer treatment options for miR-155-5p-mediated diseases.
  • miR-155-5p is a critical regulator in immunity and disease.
Keywords:
3T3-L13′-UTR3′-untranslated regionAICDAAMLAP-1AT(1)RAng IIB-CLLB-cell Integration ClusterB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemiaBACH1BICBMDMBRCA1BT-549Burkitt's lymphoma cell lineC/EBPβCCAAT/enhancer-binding protein βCCR4-NOTCFHCREBCancerCardiovascular diseaseChIPCpGCytosine (phosphodiester bond) GuanineDG75DGCR8DLBCLDSDcp1/2Down syndromeDrosha and the DiGeorge critical region 8 proteinE26 transformation-specificEBNA2EBVEBV nuclear antigen 2ERBB2ETS1Epstein–Barr virusEtsFADDFBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog BFOXP3Fas (TNRFSF6)-associated via death domainFosBGene regulationH2AH3H3K4H3K9HDACsHL-60HOXA9HSPCsHematopoiesisHsa21IFN-β/γIKBKEIL-10IL17RBINF-α/βINPP5DIRAK3IRF3IRFEISREImmunityIκBαJARID2JNKJYJumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2JunBK562KH-type splicing regulatory proteinKHSRPKSHVKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirusLMP1LPSMC3MDVMEIS1MIR155HGMYBMYD88Marek's disease virusMeCP2Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88NF-κBNF-κB inhibitor, alphaNODORFPBXPCCD4PDCsPELPKCPMBLPoly(I:C)Pre-miRNAsR1699QRIG-IRIPK1Receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine–threonine kinase 1SATB1SKP2SMADSNPSNP in a miRNA target siteSOCSSOCS1SPI1STAT3TAB2TCF12TGF-βTGF-β activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2THP-1TLRTNF-αToll-like receptorTregsTrisomy 21Ts21VMVSVZNF652a family of small nonprotein-coding RNAsactivation-induced cytidine deaminaseactivator protein 1acute myeloid leukemiaan EBV-immortalized B-cell lymphoblastoid cell lineangiotensin IIangiotensin II type 1 receptorarginine to glutamine amino acid change at position 1699 in the BRCA1 genebasic leucine zipper transcription factor 1bone marrow-derived macrophagesbreast cancer 1, early onsetc-Jun N-terminal kinasecAMP response element-bindingcarbon catabolite repressor protein 4-General negative regulator of transcriptionceRNAscell line derived from 3T3 cellschromatin immunoprecipitationcompeting endogenous RNAscomplement factor Hcomplementary “star form” of miRNA stranddecapping enzyme homologs A, B, and 2diffuse large B-cell lymphomaforkhead box P3hPBMChematopoietic stem–progenitor cellshistone H2Ahistone H3histone deacetylase complexeshomeobox proteinhuman acute monocytic leukemia cell linehuman breast carcinoma cell linehuman chromosome 21human peripheral blood mononuclear cellshuman promyelocytic leukemia cell lineimmortalized myelogenous erythroleukemia cell lineinhibitor of NF-κB subunit epsiloninositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 145kDa (a.k.a. SHIP1)interferon beta/gammainterferon regulatory factor 3interferon regulatory factor elementinterferon-alpha/betainterferon-sensitive response elementinterleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3interleukin-10interleukin-17 receptor Blatent membrane protein 1lipopolysaccharidelysine 4 of histone H3lysine 9 of histone 3methyl-CpG-binding proteinmiR-155 host genemiR-155*miR-155-3pmiRISCmiRNA*miRNA-induced silencing complexmiRNAsmiRSNPmothers against decapentaplegic homologncRNAsnon-coding RNAsnuclear factor κBnucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteinopen reading framep53plasmacytoid dendritic cellspolyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acidpre-B-cell leukemia transcription factorpremature miRNAspri-miRNAsprimary effusion lymphomaprimary mediastinal B-cell lymphomaprimary transcripts of miRNAsprogrammed cell death protein 4protein kinase Cregulatory T-cellsretinoic acid-inducible gene Is-phase kinase-associated protein 2signal transducer and activator of transcription 3single nucleotide polymorphismspecial AT-rich binding protein-1spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene (a.k.a. PU.1)suppressor of cytokine signaling 1transcription factor 12transcription factor Jun-Btransforming growth factor betatumor necrosis factor-alphatumor protein 53v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (avian)v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homologvesicular stomatitis virusviral myocarditiszinc finger protein 652

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