Characterization and cloning of the African horsesickness virus genome

The dsRNA profiles of all nine African horsesickness virus (AHSV) serotypes were compared by agarose gel electrophoresis and PAGE. The agarose profiles were identical, but a unique profile was obtained for each of the nine serotypes by PAGE. Nine of the 10 dsRNA genome segments of AHSV-3 were cloned and the clones were used in dot-spot and Northern blot hybridization experiments to determine intra- and inter-serogroup nucleic acid similarities. Segments 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 were highly conserved in the AHSV serogroup and no genetic relationship with any of the other orbiviruses was observed. Of these segments 3, 5 and 8 showed the largest degree of cross-hybridization to the cognate genes of all the serotypes. These clones did not cross-hybridize to other orbiviruses such as epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, bluetongue virus or equine encephalosis virus and are therefore recommended for use as group-specific probes for the identification of the AHSV serogroup. Genome segments 6 and 10 showed an intermediate degree of conservation, whereas segment 2 is serotype-specific and therefore probably codes for the outer capsid protein VP2.