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Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues
Cristina Nuccetelli1, Rosella Rusconi, Maurizio Forte
1Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. cristina.nuccetelli@iss.it
Introduction:
Drinking waters usually contain several natural radionuclides: tritium, radon, radium, uranium isotopes, etc. Their concentrations vary widely since they depend on the nature of the aquifer, namely, the prevailing lithology and whether there is air in it or not.
Aims:
In this work a broad overview of the radioactivity in drinking water is presented: national and international regulations, for limiting the presence of radioactivity in waters intended for human consumption; results of extensive campaigns for monitoring radioactivity in drinking waters, including mineral bottled waters, carried out throughout the world in recent years; a draft of guidelines for the planning of campaigns to measure radioactivity in drinking water proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) of Lombardia.
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