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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.

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Updated: May 15, 2026

A Novel Ex Ovo Banding Technique to Alter Intracardiac Hemodynamics in an Embryonic Chicken System
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Published on: May 13, 2016

Ethmocephaly with amniotic band syndrome.

Gobinda Das1, Sibnath Gayen, Sabyasachi Bandyopadhyay

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Khudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Ethmocephaly, a rare holoprosencephaly form, involves forebrain cleavage issues. This case report details a unique co-occurrence of ethmocephaly with amniotic band syndrome, a first in medical literature.

Keywords:
Amniotic Band Syndrome EthmocephalyHoloprosencephalyHypotelorismProboscis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a spectrum of congenital brain malformations resulting from incomplete forebrain cleavage.
  • Ethmocephaly represents the rarest form of HPE, characterized by cyclopia or ethmocephaly, proboscis, hypotelorism, and microphthalmia.
  • Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare congenital disorder involving constrictive bands affecting fetal development.

Observation:

  • This report describes a unique case of a neonate presenting with features of both ethmocephaly and amniotic band syndrome.
  • The patient exhibited characteristic facial anomalies of ethmocephaly, including a proboscis, hypotelorism, and microphthalmia.
  • Evidence of amniotic bands was also noted, suggesting a complex etiology.

Findings:

  • The co-occurrence of ethmocephaly and amniotic band syndrome is exceptionally rare, with this case potentially representing the first documented instance in medical literature.
  • This finding highlights the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in congenital malformations.
  • Detailed phenotypic description and diagnostic imaging confirmed the dual diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of presentations for both holoprosencephaly and amniotic band syndrome.
  • Understanding such rare co-occurrences can improve diagnostic accuracy and genetic counseling for affected families.
  • Further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted to elucidate the etiology of this rare combination.