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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

676

Epidural infection: Is it really an abscess?

Frank R Avilucea1, Alpesh A Patel

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Surgical Neurology International
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare but serious infection. Early diagnosis using risk factors, serologic markers, and MRI, along with prompt treatment, is crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an infection within the spinal canal.
  • Diagnosis and management of SEA can be challenging, especially in early stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of spinal epidural abscess (SEA).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed.
  • The review focused on studies related to spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs).

Main Results:

  • SEA diagnosis is often delayed, particularly before classic symptoms appear.
  • Risk factors, serologic markers, and MRI aid in prompt SEA diagnosis.
Keywords:
Spineabscessepiduralinfection

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  • Medical therapy alone may be effective for SEA in neurologically intact patients.

    • Conclusions:

    • SEA is a rare but dangerous infection requiring prompt identification and treatment.
    • Early surgical intervention improves outcomes and preserves neurologic function.
    • Advances in imaging and antimicrobial agents facilitate earlier diagnosis and effective treatment, including medical therapy.