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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Published on: April 11, 2019

Somatic mutagenesis in autoimmunity.

Thiago Detanico1, James B St Clair, Katja Aviszus

  • 1Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.

Autoimmunity
|December 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Somatic mutagenesis, particularly somatic hypermutation (SHM), may transform nonautoreactive B cells into autoreactive ones, driving systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This process is a key factor in the development of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA).

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by high-titer IgG autoantibodies against nuclear antigens.
  • Pathology in SLE is often attributed to immune-complex mediated disease.
  • The role of somatic mutagenesis in SLE pathogenesis is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known and potential roles of somatic mutagenesis in SLE.
  • To explore how somatic hypermutation (SHM) may lead to autoreactive B cells and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA).
  • To discuss the potential for SHM to dysregulate T cell help to autoreactive B cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on somatic mutagenesis and SLE.
  • Analysis of the role of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in B cell receptor (BCR) V region peptide generation.
  • Examination of experimental evidence linking spontaneous somatic mutagenesis to ANA development.

Main Results:

  • Somatic hypermutation (SHM) may convert nonautoreactive B cells into autoreactive cells, contributing to ANA production.
  • SHM can create antigenic peptides in the B cell receptor (BCR) V region, potentially leading to unregulated T cell help.
  • Spontaneous somatic mutagenesis in genes regulating B cell survival and activation appears to be a critical factor in ANA development.

Conclusions:

  • Somatic mutagenesis, especially SHM, plays a significant role in the development of autoreactivity and ANA in SLE.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may offer new therapeutic targets for SLE.
  • Further research into spontaneous somatic mutagenesis is crucial for elucidating SLE pathogenesis.