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Testing for local adaptation in brown trout using reciprocal transplants.

Rike B Stelkens¹, Manuel Pompini, Claus Wedekind

¹Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. rike.stelkens@liv.ac.uk

BMC Evolutionary Biology

|December 20, 2012

Summary

Local adaptation in brown trout embryos was investigated using reciprocal transplants. No evidence of local adaptation was found, but significant variation in survival and hatching rates indicated differing habitat quality across sites.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Ecology
Conservation genetics

Background:

Identifying traits under selection is crucial for understanding local adaptation and population divergence.
Reciprocal transplant experiments are valuable for testing local adaptation but are challenging for mobile vertebrates.
Brown trout (Salmo trutta) embryos were used to study early life history traits in a novel transplant approach.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate local adaptation in early life history traits of brown trout populations.
To test the hypothesis that native populations outperform non-natives within sites.
To determine if brown trout populations perform better at their 'home' sites compared to 'away' sites.

Main Methods:

Reciprocal transplantation of 2500 brown trout embryos from five distinct populations.
Embryos were bred in a full-factorial design and raised in natural riverbeds until emergence.
Customized egg capsules facilitated individual tracking and simulated natural redd environments.

Main Results:

No evidence for local adaptation was detected at the embryo level.
Significant variation in survival (4%–89%) and hatching rates (0%–62%) was observed between sites, suggesting habitat quality differences.
Overall survival was 55% ± 3% and hatching rate was 25% ± 3% across all populations and sites.

Conclusions:

Large-scale transplant experiments provide powerful insights into local adaptation.
Despite observed genetic and morphological differences, local adaptation in brown trout embryos appears minimal or absent under the tested conditions.
Habitat quality variation significantly impacts early life history traits in salmonid populations.