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Related Concept Videos

Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan biosynthesis begins in...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Peptidoglycan by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics
09:09

Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Peptidoglycan by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics

Published on: October 13, 2020

Peptidoglycan: a post-genomic analysis.

Caroline Cayrou1, Bernard Henrissat, Philippe Gouret

  • 1Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR CNRS 7872 IRD 198, Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France.

BMC Microbiology
|December 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified a minimal 3-gene set for peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism. Most bacteria possess this set, indicating its importance for PG presence and distribution across species.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Peptidoglycan by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics
09:09

Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Peptidoglycan by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics

Published on: October 13, 2020

The Application of Open Searching-based Approaches for the Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii O-linked Glycopeptides
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Published on: November 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Peptidoglycan (PG) is a crucial cell wall component in bacteria.
  • Understanding PG distribution requires analyzing genomic data.
  • A minimal 3-gene set is proposed for PG metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a core set of genes essential for peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis.
  • To determine the distribution of this PG-related gene set across different domains of life.
  • To establish a neutral, post-genomic method for predicting PG presence.

Main Methods:

  • Genome mining of 1,644 organisms from the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes database.
  • Identification of a minimal 3-gene set: GT28, GT51, and specific glycoside hydrolase families (GH23, GH73, GH102, GH103, GH104).
  • Phylogenetic comparative analysis and Pearson correlation to assess gene-PG association.

Main Results:

  • The minimal 3-gene set was absent in Viruses and Archaea.
  • It was found in 90.1% of Bacteria, with high predictive value for PG presence.
  • The GT51 family gene showed a strong significant association with PG (correlation 0.963, p < 10^-3).
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed dynamic evolutionary events for the GT51 gene.

Conclusions:

  • Genome analysis provides a neutral and effective method for predicting PG presence.
  • The identified 3-gene set, particularly GT51, is a strong indicator of PG metabolism.
  • This approach has high predictive value for uncultured and sequenced organisms.