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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
05:50

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Persistent spontaneous pneumothorax for four years: a case report.

Y Mizuno1, H Iwata, K Shirahashi

  • 1Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. mizunoyoshidasa@yahoo.co.jp

Prague Medical Report
|December 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of chronic spontaneous pneumothorax with pulmonary nodules, lasting four years, was successfully treated with video-assisted thoracic surgery. This highlights surgical intervention for persistent air leaks and lung abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Pneumothorax, or air in the pleural space, is typically acute and spontaneous or traumatic.
  • Chronic or long-standing pneumothorax is uncommon, with air usually resolving via venous absorption.
  • Pulmonary nodules can coexist with pneumothorax, necessitating differential diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old male presented with a 4-year history of right pneumothorax and bilateral pulmonary nodules.
  • Serial chest radiographs and CT scans confirmed persistent pneumothorax and nodules without prior intervention.
  • The patient had no significant past medical history.

Findings:

  • Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed for treatment and diagnosis.
  • Right upper lobectomy and pleural decortication were conducted.
  • Pathological examination revealed an inflammatory pseudotumor and surrounding atelectasis.

Implications:

  • Surgical intervention can effectively treat chronic spontaneous pneumothorax and coexisting pulmonary lesions.
  • VATS offers a minimally invasive approach for complex thoracic conditions.
  • This case underscores the importance of thorough investigation for persistent air leaks and lung masses.