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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

A work-loop method for characterizing leg function during sagittal plane movements.

Daniel Maykranz¹, Sten Grimmer, Andre Seyfarth

¹Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

|December 20, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study extends the work-loop method for analyzing 2D leg movements during locomotion. The generalized method accurately quanties mechanical work during activities like walking and running.

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"Avatar", a Modified Ex vivo Work Loop Experiments Using In vivo Strain and Activation

Published on: August 18, 2023

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

"Avatar", a Modified Ex vivo Work Loop Experiments Using In vivo Strain and Activation

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Movement Analysis
Kinesiology

Background:

The work-loop method is standard for analyzing mechanical work in 1D systems, like muscle analysis.
Adapting the work-loop method is necessary for complex 2D/3D movements, such as those in the legs during walking and running.

Purpose of the Study:

To analytically derive an extension of the work-loop method for two-dimensional sagittal plane movements.
To interpret the components of mechanical leg work as distinct functional tasks.

Main Methods:

Developed an analytical derivation to generalize the work-loop method for 2D leg movements.
Incorporated three key contributors to mechanical work: axial forces, perpendicular forces, and center of pressure (COP) shifts.
Applied the method to experimental data from hopping, running, and walking.

Main Results:

The generalized work-loop method accurately describes the total mechanical work performed on the center of mass (COM) during stance.
The method provides energy-consistent net work balances.
Distinct contributions of work terms were identified, characterizing leg function across different gaits.

Conclusions:

The proposed generalized work-loop concept is effective for analyzing 2D leg mechanics during locomotion.
This approach offers a comprehensive understanding of leg function during various forms of movement.
The method provides valuable insights into the energy dynamics of human locomotion.