Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Equivalent Couples01:28

Equivalent Couples

In mechanical engineering, the concept of equivalent couples plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing various mechanical systems.
Two couples are considered to be equivalent if they produce the same rotational effect on a rigid body. In other words, the two couples have the same magnitude and act in the same direction, causing the same angular displacement or acceleration in the body.
For instance, consider two couples lying in the plane of the page, with one having a pair of equal...
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons01:03

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons

Protons in identical electronic environments within a molecule are chemically equivalent and have the same chemical shift. The replacement test is a useful tool to identify chemical equivalence and predict NMR spectra. A substituent replaces each of the protons being examined and the resulting molecules are compared. If the same molecule is obtained, the protons are equivalent or homotopic. Replacement of any hydrogens in ethane by chlorine yields chloroethane because all six protons are...
Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane and...
Superposition Theorem01:18

Superposition Theorem

The superposition principle is a fundamental concept stating that in a linear circuit, the voltage across (or current through) an element can be determined by summing the individual contributions of each independent source acting in isolation. When dealing with linear circuits containing multiple independent sources, this principle serves as a valuable tool for analysis. To apply the superposition principle effectively, one should focus on a single independent source at a time while...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics01:15

Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics

Dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics provide simplified ratios that help analyze fluid behavior without relying on specific units. The Reynolds number (Re), which represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces, distinguishes between laminar and turbulent flows, making it essential in the design of pipelines and aerodynamic surfaces. The Froude number (Fr), the ratio of inertial to gravitational forces, is particularly useful in predicting wave formation and hydraulic jumps in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Introduction to the magnetic structures special issue.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2025
Same author

Halogen-Tuned BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) Layered Crystals with Superior Broadband Nonlinear Saturable Absorption for Pulsed Laser Modulation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Acentric Order-Disorder Zn<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>6</sub>F<sub>6</sub>: Crystal Structure, Dye Degradation, Cr(VI) Removal, Antibacterial Activity, and Catalytic C-C Bond Formation.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Small-angle rigid-unit modes requiring linear strain compensation.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2024
Same author

Chiral multiferroicity in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Computational Screening and Stabilization of Boron-Substituted Type-I and Type-II Carbon Clathrates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Equivalence of superspace groups.

Sander van Smaalen1, Branton J Campbell, Harold T Stokes

  • 1Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Germany. smash@uni-bayreuth.de

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of Crystallography
|December 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new algorithm and web tool, findssg, standardize (3+d)-dimensional superspace groups (SSGs). This simplifies analyzing crystal structures with complex modulations by transforming any SSG to a standard setting.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Superspace groups (SSGs) are essential for describing incommensurately modulated structures.
  • Non-standard settings of SSGs can complicate structural analysis and comparison.
  • A unified approach to SSG settings is needed for consistent crystallographic descriptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an algorithm and web tool for determining the equivalence of SSG settings.
  • To provide a method for transforming any given SSG to its standard setting.
  • To facilitate the analysis of crystal structures with modulated properties.

Main Methods:

  • An algorithm was developed to determine the equivalence of SSG settings for (3+d)-dimensional superspace groups (d=1, 2, 3).
  • The algorithm was implemented as a web tool, findssg, available on SSG(3+d)D.
  • Standard settings are obtained by transforming external-space lattice vectors and internal-space lattice vectors.

Main Results:

  • The findssg tool transforms user-defined SSGs to their standard settings.
  • The study demonstrates direct transformation of lattice vectors to achieve standard settings.
  • Standard settings for compounds with 2D and 3D modulations are compiled.

Conclusions:

  • The developed algorithm and web tool standardize the description of superspace groups.
  • This standardization aids in comparing and analyzing complex modulated crystal structures.
  • The approach is applicable to incommensurate composite crystals and chiral superspace groups.