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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...

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[Gestational diabetes mellitus].

Alexandra Kautzky-Willer1, Dagmar Bancher-Todesca, Arnold Pollak

  • 1Gender Medicine Unit, Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich. alexandra.kautzky-willer@meduniwien.ac.at

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|December 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects pregnant individuals and increases risks for mothers and babies. Early screening, diagnosis via oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and management are crucial for better outcomes.

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Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
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Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
06:59

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy, linked to feto-maternal complications and long-term health issues.
  • Early pregnancy diabetes diagnosis is critical, with GDM diagnosed via oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) or specific glucose concentrations.
  • Screening for type 2 diabetes in pregnant women at high risk is recommended, utilizing established diagnostic criteria.

Purpose:

  • To define gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and outline diagnostic criteria based on the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study.
  • To detail screening recommendations, including timing and high-risk indicators for GDM.
  • To establish management guidelines, including nutritional counseling, self-monitoring, insulin therapy, and maternal-fetal monitoring.

Summary:

  • GDM is diagnosed using OGTT or fasting glucose levels, with specific criteria from the HAPO study.
  • Screening is recommended in early pregnancy for high-risk individuals and universally between 24-28 weeks.
  • Management includes lifestyle modifications, blood glucose self-monitoring, and insulin therapy if needed, alongside maternal-fetal monitoring.

Impact:

  • Effective GDM management reduces feto-maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality.
  • Postpartum reevaluation and regular follow-up are essential for women with GDM.
  • Education on increased type 2 diabetes risk and prevention strategies, including lifestyle changes, empowers women and families.