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Extracellular membrane vesicles and phytopathogenicity of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8

Vladislav M Chernov1, Olga A Chernova, Alexey A Mouzykantov

  • 1Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia.

Thescientificworldjournal
|December 20, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles from Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 can enter rice plants and cause damage, suggesting they contribute to phytopathogenicity. These vesicles may act as virulence factors, impacting plant health.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 is a common mycoplasma contaminant in cell cultures and a known cause of plant diseases (phytomycoplasmoses).
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as mediators of intercellular communication and pathogenicity in various organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phytopathogenicity of A. laidlawii PG8 EVs in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.).
  • To determine if A. laidlawii PG8 EVs can penetrate rice plants and induce ultrastructural changes.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of Oryza sativa L. in a nutrient medium containing A. laidlawii PG8 EVs.
  • Analysis of ultrathin leaf sections using electron microscopy to observe ultrastructural alterations.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with sequencing to detect mycoplasma gene sequences within EVs.

Main Results:

  • A. laidlawii PG8 EVs were observed to penetrate the root system and reach the overground parts of rice plants.
  • Significant ultrastructural changes indicative of oxidative stress were detected in plant tissues exposed to EVs, similar to those seen with bacterial cells.
  • Mycoplasma gene sequences were identified within the EVs, enabling their differentiation from bacterial cells using PCR.

Conclusions:

  • A. laidlawii PG8 EVs possess invasivity, infectivity, and toxigenicity, contributing to the bacterium's phytopathogenicity.
  • EVs can act as virulence factors, potentially driving disease development in plants.
  • PCR-based detection of mycoplasma genes in EVs offers a method for differential diagnosis in plant samples.

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