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Contrast-Induced Neurotoxicity following Cardiac Catheterization

Susan Law1, Kessarin Panichpisal, Melaku Demede

  • 1Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, P.O. Box 1274, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA ; Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

Case Reports in Medicine
|December 20, 2012
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of contrast-induced neurotoxicity occurred after a difficult cardiac catheterization. Prompt recognition and imaging confirmed reversible cerebral swelling and neurological deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced neurotoxicity is a rare but serious complication.
  • Iodinated contrast media are frequently used in radiological procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of probable contrast-induced neurotoxicity.
  • To highlight the importance of considering this diagnosis in acute neurological deficits post-contrast procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 69-year-old woman.
  • Detailed description of a technically challenging cardiac catheterization with large contrast dose.
  • Neurological examination, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed seizure and left hemiplegia 12 hours post-procedure.
  • CT scan revealed cerebral swelling and sulcal effacement.
  • Clinical symptoms resolved within 24 hours, with MRI showing resolution of swelling at 32 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast-induced neurotoxicity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute neurological deficits after procedures involving iodinated contrast media.
  • Nonionic contrast media can also cause neurotoxicity.
  • Early diagnosis and supportive care can lead to favorable outcomes.

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