Obesity, genetics and the skin

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Endocrinology
• Medical Genetics
• Dermatology

Background:

• Childhood obesity presents significant short- and long-term public health challenges.
• Excess body weight is linked to psychological, oncological, metabolic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and dermatological conditions.
• Genetic factors play a role in obesity etiology, including polygenic and monogenic forms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review monogenic obesity syndromes with a focus on their associated cutaneous (skin) phenotypes.
• To highlight the importance of recognizing syndromic features in obese children.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of monogenic obesity syndromes.
• Analysis of reported cases with specific attention to dermatological manifestations.
• Synthesis of genetic and clinical data.

Main Results:

• Some obese children have monogenic disorders, often presenting with additional syndromic features.
• Certain monogenic obesity syndromes are characterized by distinct cutaneous phenotypes.
• Identifying these syndromes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

• Monogenic obesity syndromes, particularly those with cutaneous involvement, represent an important area of study.
• Recognition of syndromic features, including skin conditions, aids in diagnosing rare genetic obesity disorders.
• Further research into the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of these syndromes is warranted.