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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...

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Utility of the Clustering Index method for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders as compared with needle electromyography.

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Estimation of contractile parameters of successive twitches in unfused tetanic contractions of single motor units - A proof-of-concept study using ultrafast ultrasound imaging in vivo.

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Reinnervation as measured by the motor unit size index is associated with preservation of muscle strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but not all muscles reinnervate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
11:08

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue

Published on: September 5, 2015

Jitter analysis with concentric needle electrodes.

Erik Stålberg1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Sweden. stalberg.erik@gmail.com

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Due to medical restrictions, single-fiber electromyography electrodes may need replacement. This study explores using small concentric needle electrodes as a viable alternative for myasthenia gravis diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Devices
  • Diagnostic Techniques

Background:

  • Reusable medical materials face varying international regulations.
  • Specialized single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) electrodes are subject to these restrictions.
  • This necessitates exploring alternative diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of using small concentric needle electrodes (SCNEs) as an alternative to SFEMG electrodes.
  • To provide practical guidance for implementing SCNEs in clinical settings.
  • To summarize reference values and diagnostic applications for myasthenia gravis using SCNEs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of medical praxis restrictions on reusable materials.
  • Description of SCNEs as an alternative to SFEMG electrodes.

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Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats
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Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats

Published on: April 27, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
11:08

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue

Published on: September 5, 2015

Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats
08:41

Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats

Published on: April 27, 2015

  • Compilation of practical application details, reference values, and diagnostic utility for myasthenia gravis.
  • Main Results:

    • SCNEs present a potential alternative where SFEMG electrodes are restricted.
    • Practical insights and reference values for SCNE application are provided.
    • The utility of SCNEs in diagnosing myasthenia gravis is summarized.

    Conclusions:

    • Small concentric needle electrodes offer a practical alternative for electromyography when specialized electrodes are unavailable.
    • This approach supports continued diagnostic capabilities for neuromuscular disorders like myasthenia gravis.
    • Further research may refine SCNE protocols for broader electromyography applications.