Telomerase and the search for the end of cancer

Simone Mocellin1, Karen A Pooley, Donato Nitti

  • 1Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy. simone.mocellin@unipd.it

Insights

Telomeres and telomerase are key to understanding cancer and aging. Targeting telomerase offers a promising new strategy for developing effective anticancer therapies, though challenges remain.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Fundamental molecular mechanisms of tumor biology are not fully understood, hindering anticancer therapy development.
  • Recent discoveries link telomeres, telomerase, aging, and cancer, opening new research avenues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical aspects of telomerase biology relevant to novel anticancer therapy development.
  • To highlight telomerase as an appealing target due to its widespread expression in cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of telomerase biology.
  • Analysis of telomerase's role in malignant diseases.
  • Discussion of existing and potential telomerase-targeting therapies.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase is frequently expressed in various cancers, making it a promising therapeutic target.
  • Understanding telomerase's role in aging and cancer progression is crucial for therapy design.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase-targeting therapies hold significant potential for revolutionizing anticancer treatment.
  • Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges and ensure the effectiveness of telomerase-based therapies.

Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.