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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

Extravascular lung water in ARDS patients.

S G Sakka1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, University Witten/ Herdecke, Medical Center Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstrasse 200, D-51109 Cologne, Germany. SakkaS@kliniken-koeln.de

Minerva Anestesiologica
|December 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management is challenging due to difficulty quantifying pulmonary edema. Transpulmonary thermodilution offers a method to measure extravascular lung water (EVLW), aiding critical care decisions.

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
07:20

Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: September 7, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a critical condition linked to trauma and sepsis, often causing organ failure and death.
  • Pathophysiology involves increased capillary permeability, damaging lung endothelium and epithelium, leading to alveolar fluid accumulation.
  • Clinical management is complex, balancing fluid needs for organ perfusion with pulmonary edema.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) in ARDS patients.
  • To discuss the clinical utility of EVLW measurement in critical care.
  • To highlight the role of transpulmonary thermodilution in managing ARDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on ARDS pathophysiology and management.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods for pulmonary edema, including limitations of chest radiography.
  • Focus on transpulmonary thermodilution techniques for quantifying EVLW.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary edema quantification is difficult with traditional bedside methods.
  • Transpulmonary thermodilution is an established method for measuring EVLW.
  • Single transpulmonary thermodilution is now clinically available.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate measurement of EVLW is crucial for managing critically ill ARDS patients.
  • Transpulmonary thermodilution provides a valuable tool for assessing pulmonary edema.
  • Further integration of EVLW measurement can improve ARDS patient outcomes.