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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific requirements are not imposed on the...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

Structural design principles for self-assembled coordination polygons and polyhedra.

Neil J Young1, Benjamin P Hay

  • 1Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6119, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|December 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Designing ligands for high-symmetry coordination assemblies requires moving beyond outdated bonding angle concepts. A new de novo structure-based design approach accurately predicts diverse component shapes for successful assembly formation.

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Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Ligand design is crucial for creating high-symmetry coordination assemblies.
  • Existing methods based on bonding vector angles have limited predictive power.
  • Crystal structure analysis reveals shortcomings in current design strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for designing ligands for high-symmetry coordination assemblies.
  • To identify the limitations of existing design approaches.
  • To introduce and validate a new de novo structure-based design method.

Main Methods:

  • Review of crystal structure evidence for coordination assemblies.
  • Analysis of the failure of complementary bonding vector angle approaches.
  • Development and application of de novo structure-based design principles.

Main Results:

  • Prior design methods based on bonding vector angles fail to predict most known coordination assemblies.
  • The limitations of these traditional methods are explained.
  • The de novo structure-based design approach successfully predicts a wider range of component shapes.

Conclusions:

  • De novo structure-based design offers a practical and effective strategy for creating high-symmetry coordination assemblies.
  • This approach overcomes the limitations of previous methods.
  • It enables the rational design of ligands with predictable assembly outcomes.