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Updated: May 15, 2026

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
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Published on: May 24, 2024

Percutaneous spinal fixation simulation with virtual reality and haptics.

Cristian J Luciano1, P Pat Banerjee, Jeffery M Sorenson

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

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Summary

This study shows that a 3D haptic simulator improves accuracy in percutaneous spinal needle placement training. Trainees demonstrated better performance and reduced errors after using the advanced simulation technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Simulation
  • Surgical Training
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Percutaneous spinal needle placement is a critical procedure.
  • Traditional training methods may have limitations in skill acquisition.
  • Part-task simulators offer a controlled environment for practicing procedural skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the learning effectiveness of a 3D haptic simulator for percutaneous spinal needle placement.
  • To assess accuracy improvements in needle entry and target point placement.
  • To simulate realistic fluoroscopic exposure durations during training.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-three fellows and residents trained on a part-task simulator with 3D and haptic feedback.
  • Virtual percutaneous needle insertion into a thoracic spine model derived from CT data.
  • Performance metrics included accuracy, error rates, and simulated fluoroscopy time.

Main Results:

  • A low failure rate of 7.93% (10 of 126 attempts) was observed.
  • Significant improvements in average error (15.69 to 13.91) and performance scores (32.39 to 30.71) from the first to second attempt.
  • Statistically significant improvement in performance accuracy (P = .04).

Conclusions:

  • The 3D haptic simulator demonstrated evidence of improved performance accuracy (P = .04) in spinal needle placement.
  • This supports the efficacy of augmented reality and haptics simulation as a valuable learning tool.
  • Simulator efficacy is further supported by prior studies on pedicle screw and ventriculostomy placement training.