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Updated: May 15, 2026

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
Published on: May 24, 2024
Cristian J Luciano1, P Pat Banerjee, Jeffery M Sorenson
1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
This study shows that a 3D haptic simulator improves accuracy in percutaneous spinal needle placement training. Trainees demonstrated better performance and reduced errors after using the advanced simulation technology.
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