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Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip
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Challenging stability limits in old and young individuals with a functional reaching task.

Lisa Spreitzer1, Jan Perkins, Ksenia I Ustinova

  • 1Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, Michigan, USA.

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
|December 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

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Adding a challenge to a reach test improved limit of stability (LOS) similarly in young and old adults. However, older adults utilized smaller percentages of their LOS, highlighting its importance in rehabilitation.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Assessing balance and stability is crucial for fall prevention in older adults.
  • Functional reach tests are commonly used to evaluate balance, but may not fully capture stability limits.
  • The limit of stability (LOS) represents the boundary of the base of support an individual can maintain without losing balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a challenging reach task on the limit of stability (LOS) in young and older adults.
  • To compare the effectiveness of a functional reach challenge test in enhancing LOS across different age groups.
  • To determine if age influences the utilization of LOS during challenging functional movements.

Main Methods:

  • 15 young (mean age 24) and 15 older (mean age 70) adults participated.

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  • Participants performed a modified functional reach test and a functional reach challenge test involving reaching for additional targets.
  • Motion analysis using infrared markers and force plates quantified center of pressure displacement and LOS.

    • Main Results:

    • Younger participants achieved greater reach distances than older participants in both tests.
    • No significant differences were found in the absolute increase in reach distance with the added challenge between age groups.
    • Both groups increased their center of pressure displacement and utilized a larger percentage of their anatomic stability allowance during the challenge test.

    Conclusions:

    • A functional reach challenge test similarly improved reaching ability and LOS in both young and older adults.
    • Older adults used a smaller absolute percentage of their LOS compared to younger adults.
    • Understanding LOS flexibility is vital for rehabilitation professionals to design effective balance and stability training exercises.