Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026

07:54
Slicing and Culturing Pig Hearts under Physiological Conditions
Published on: March 20, 2020
A pomegranate heart
Jian He1, Kefeng Zhou, Guochu Qin
1Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China;
Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
|December 21, 2012
Summary
A rare adult buttock teratoma, often seen in infants as sacrococcygeal teratomas, was diagnosed in a 30-year-old female. Imaging and pathological confirmation led to successful resection and good prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiology
- Pathology
Background:
- Sacrococcygeal teratomas are common in infants.
- Buttock teratomas are exceptionally rare in adult populations.
Observation:
- A 30-year-old female presented with left hip swelling and pain.
- Ultrasonography revealed a subcutaneous cystic mass with internal dense echo spots.
- MRI demonstrated a heart-shaped left buttock mass with "pomegranate seed"-like nodules, hyperintense on diffusion-weighted imaging.
Findings:
- Surgical resection confirmed a buttock teratoma.
- Pathology revealed sebum-like materials and hair within the cystic mass.
- Imaging characteristics such as thick-walled cystic masses with internal nodules or fat are indicative of teratomas.
Implications:
- Teratomas require timely diagnosis and complete surgical resection for favorable outcomes.
- Characteristic imaging findings on CT and MRI aid in diagnosis.
- Post-operative follow-up is essential for patients diagnosed with teratomas.
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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Anatomy of the Heart
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Anatomy of the Heart
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
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The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
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Layers of the Heart Wall
The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...
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Overview of the Heart
The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
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Location and Orientation of the Heart
The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.

