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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Thyroid lipomatosis.

Gulsum Gonulalan1, Hasan Esen, Mehmet Erikoğlu

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram School of Medicine, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|December 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid lipomatosis, a rare condition of fatty tissue in the thyroid, was observed in a patient with amyloidosis. This case highlights its importance in diagnosing fatty infiltration of amyloid goiter.

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Thyroid lipomatosis is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by excessive mature adipose tissue within the thyroid gland.
  • Amyloidosis is a systemic disease that can affect various organs, including the thyroid, leading to goiter.
  • Chronic renal failure is a common complication of systemic amyloidosis.

Observation:

  • A 43-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure due to amyloidosis presented with an asymmetrically enlarged thyroid gland.
  • Thyroid function tests and autoantibody levels were within normal limits.
  • A thyroid scan revealed diffuse radioisotope uptake with a hypofunctional (cold) area in the left thyroid lobe.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination of the thyroidectomy specimen confirmed thyroid lipomatosis.
  • Minimal amyloid deposition was observed surrounding the thyroid follicles.
  • The findings suggest a potential association between thyroid lipomatosis and amyloid goiter.

Implications:

  • Thyroid lipomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with amyloid goiter and fatty infiltration of the thyroid.
  • This case expands the understanding of rare thyroid pathologies associated with systemic diseases like amyloidosis.
  • Further research may elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms linking amyloidosis and thyroid lipomatosis.