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Seroprotection after recombinant hepatitis B vaccination among newborn infants: a review

Sarah F Schillie1, Trudy V Murphy

  • 1Division of Viral Hepatitis, Vaccine Research and Policy Team, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States. sschillie@cdc.gov

Vaccine
|December 22, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B vaccination at birth provides high protection for infants. However, preterm infants (under 2000g) show lower seroprotection rates when vaccinated very early.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B vaccination at birth is crucial for infants, especially those exposed to the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • Current recommendations include vaccinating infants before hospital discharge or within 12 hours for those born to HBsAg-positive mothers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the immune response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in infants.
  • To assess factors influencing seroprotection rates in infants receiving the vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review of studies published between 1987 and 2011 was conducted.
  • Eligible studies assessed seroprotection (anti-HBs ≥ 10mIU/mL) in infants vaccinated within 30 days of life.
  • Infant seroprotection was compared based on maternal HBsAg status, HBIG, birth weight, vaccine dosage, schedule, and age at first dose.

Main Results:

  • Overall median seroprotection was high at 98%, with minimal variation by maternal HBsAg status, HBIG, or vaccine schedule.
  • Higher vaccine dosage accelerated anti-HBs rise but did not impact final seroprotection.
  • Infants weighing <2000g had lower seroprotection (93%) compared to those ≥2000g (98%).
  • Preterm infants (<2000g) vaccinated at 0-3 days had significantly lower seroprotection (68%) than those vaccinated at ≥1 month (95%).

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine administered at birth offers substantial protection for term infants, preventing HBV transmission.
  • The long-term implications of differing infant responses based on early vaccination timing remain uncertain.
Abstract

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