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Updated: May 15, 2026

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

[Pattern recognition and host defense response to Cryptococcus neoformans].

Keiko Ishii¹, Kazuyoshi Kawakami

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Medical Mycology Journal

|December 22, 2012

Summary

Host immune cells recognize fungal DNA from Cryptococcus neoformans via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), initiating defense. CARD9-dependent pathways also play a role in combating this opportunistic fungal pathogen.

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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Mycology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing fatal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals.
Host defense relies on Th1-type cellular immunity, involving pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Purpose of the Study:

To review advances in understanding pattern recognition and host defense against C. neoformans.
To highlight recent findings on TLR9 and CARD9 involvement in cryptococcal immunity.

Main Methods:

Review of recent research findings.
Focus on experimental data concerning C. neoformans recognition pathways.

Main Results:

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent sensing of cryptococcal DNA is crucial for initiating host defense.
Mice deficient in CARD9 exhibit increased susceptibility to C. neoformans, indicating a role for CARD9 and potentially C-type lectin receptors (CLRs).

Conclusions:

TLR9-mediated recognition of fungal DNA is a key step in host defense against C. neoformans.
CARD9 and possibly CLRs are involved in immune responses to C. neoformans infection.