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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...

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Related Experiment Video

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Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO
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Amphoteric oxide semiconductors for energy conversion devices: a tutorial review.

Kalpana Singh1, Janusz Nowotny, Venkataraman Thangadurai

  • 1University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Chemical Society Reviews
|December 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how defect chemistry in oxide semiconductors impacts renewable energy devices like solid oxide fuel cells. Understanding these defects is crucial for advancing sustainable energy conversion technologies.

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Published on: September 12, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Defect chemistry in amphoteric oxide semiconductors significantly influences solid-state energy conversion devices.
  • Electronic defect disorders are critical to the performance of devices such as solid oxide fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and gas sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the defect chemistry of oxide semiconductors and their role in renewable energy devices.
  • To assess advances in n- and p-type metal oxide semiconductors for ionic applications.
  • To outline challenges and the state-of-the-art in defect disorders for relevant semiconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of defect chemistry in oxide semiconductors.
  • Analysis of electronic defect disorders and their impact on device performance.
  • Discussion of material development for n- and p-type semiconductors.

Main Results:

  • Amphoteric oxide semiconductors' defect chemistry is key to developing efficient solid-state energy devices.
  • Electronic defects critically affect the performance of various ionic devices, including fuel cells and solar cells.
  • Advances in n- and p-type materials are discussed, highlighting challenges and current understanding of defect disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Defect chemistry is a fundamental aspect controlling the performance of oxide semiconductor-based energy devices.
  • Further research into defect disorders is essential for optimizing materials for sustainable energy applications.
  • This review provides insights into the state-of-the-art for technologically relevant semiconductors.