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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
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The cancer antigenome.

Bianca Heemskerk1, Pia Kvistborg, Ton N M Schumacher

  • 1Department of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The EMBO Journal
|December 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cells have unique mutations and proteins, leading to altered immune peptide presentation. Understanding the cancer antigenome will guide personalized immunotherapies for effective cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tumor cells exhibit distinct characteristics compared to normal cells, including numerous mutations and altered protein expression.
  • These alterations result in a modified presentation of peptides associated with MHC class I molecules.
  • Cytotoxic T-cell responses against tumor-associated antigens are clinically validated for cancer regression, yet target antigens remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To leverage recent advancements in cancer genomics.
  • To enable the identification of tumor-associated epitopes on a patient-specific level.
  • To establish the 'cancer antigenome' for understanding immunotherapy mechanisms and developing personalized treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cancer cell mutations and epigenetic alterations.
  • Identification of tumor-specific protein expression.
  • Characterization of altered MHC class I-associated peptide repertoires.
  • Application of cancer genomics for epitope discovery.

Main Results:

  • Feasibility of establishing patient-specific tumor-associated epitope repertoires.
  • Potential to elucidate the mechanisms of successful cancer immunotherapies.
  • Foundation for developing novel personalized cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The 'cancer antigenome' can be elucidated using current cancer genomics technologies.
  • Understanding the cancer antigenome is crucial for deciphering how immunotherapies achieve cancer regression.
  • Elucidation of the cancer antigenome will pave the way for personalized cancer immunotherapy.