Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
Published on: January 10, 2015
Patterns and predictors of cigarette smoking among HIV-infected patients in northern Nigeria
Z Iliyasu1, A U Gajida, I S Abubakar
1Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. ziliyasu@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The smoking behaviour of persons living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We employed a cross-sectional study design to assess the prevalence and predictors of tobacco smoking among HIV-infected patients in northern Nigeria (n = 296). Approximately one quarter of respondents were either current (7.8%) or ex-smokers (17.9%). Smoking rates among HIV-infected women were extremely low. HIV-infected men were at least three times as likely to smoke as their female counterparts living with HIV: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.17-7.32. Patients with tertiary education were at least twice as likely to smoke compared with their counterparts without formal education (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.08-6.67). The preponderance of cigarette smoking among educated HIV-infected men in northern Nigeria offers a unique opportunity for targeted smoking cessation programmes.
Related Concept Videos
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

