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Related Experiment Videos

Chlorhexidine inactivation by saliva.

F K Spijkervet1, J J van Saene, H K van Saene

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
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Chlorhexidine mouthwash is less effective in the mouth than in lab tests because saliva inactivates it. This explains why it poorly reduces harmful bacteria in the oral cavity.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chlorhexidine mouth rinse is widely used for reducing oral microorganisms.
  • In vivo studies show it effectively suppresses indigenous flora but not hospital-acquired gram-negative bacilli.
  • This contrasts with its potent in vitro efficacy, necessitating an explanation for the discrepancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo inactivation of chlorhexidine by oral factors.
  • To determine the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of chlorhexidine against oral flora in different media.
  • To elucidate the reasons for chlorhexidine's limited effectiveness in oral decontamination.

Main Methods:

  • A standard dilution method was employed to determine MBC values.

Related Experiment Videos

  • 120 oral microbial isolates were tested.
  • Chlorhexidine activity was assessed in fresh whole saliva, broth, and 5% glucose solution.

    • Main Results:

    • Both saliva and broth significantly reduced chlorhexidine's bactericidal activity compared to 5% glucose (p < 0.01).
    • MBCs for indigenous flora were significantly lower than for hospital-acquired microorganisms (p < 0.05).
    • Saliva demonstrated a significant inactivating effect on chlorhexidine's antimicrobial action.

    Conclusions:

    • Salivary components inactivate chlorhexidine, explaining its reduced efficacy in vivo.
    • The differential effect on indigenous versus hospital-acquired bacteria is linked to varying susceptibility and inactivation.
    • Chlorhexidine mouth rinsing has limited value for oral cavity decontamination due to salivary inactivation.