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Updated: May 15, 2026

Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Cells Using Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Presence of Low-Density Lipoprotein
Published on: August 12, 2025
Effects of IKKɛ on oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced injury in vascular endothelial cells
Changchun Cao1, Yongchao Qi, Wen Chen
1Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
Background:
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) led to endothelial dysfunction, which was an initial step in the formation of atheroma. The role of IKKɛ in Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury was investigated in this study.
Methods:
Primary cultures of endothelial cell were identified by the immunofluorescent detection of von Willebrand's factor (vWF). Wild-type and IKKɛ knockout endothelial cells were treated with ox-LDL and effects on ultrastructural morphology were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting analysis was conducted to evaluate effects on IL-18, VEGF, IKKα, IKKβ, IKKɛ, p65 and p50 expression.
Results:
From the ultrastructural morphology of endothelial cells and the expression of inflammatory factor such as IL-18 and VEGF, it was suggested that IKKɛ knockout endothelial cells showed less severe ox-LDL-induced injury compared to wild-type endothelial cells. Ox-LDL increased IKKɛ and phosphorylated IKKɛ expression in wild-type endothelial cells, while no significant change in IKKα and IKKβ levels was observed. Ox-LDL significantly increased the expression of p65(or p50) and phosphorylated p65(or p50) in wild-type endothelial cells, while this effect was completely blocked in IKKɛ knockout endothelial cells.
Conclusions:
IKKɛ might play an important role in ox-LDL-induced injury of endothelial cells.
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