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Habituation to irrelevant speech: effects on a visual short-term memory task.

N Morris1, D M Jones

  • 1University of Wales College of Cardiff.

Perception & Psychophysics
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Working memory may have two filters for processing speech. Habituation to irrelevant speech can reduce its disruptive effect on memory tasks, challenging previous models.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • The Baddeley and Hitch (1974) model of working memory includes a phonological store within the articulatory loop.
  • Previous models suggested an acoustic filter granting obligatory access to the phonological store, primarily for speech stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the phonological store in working memory possesses two filters.
  • To examine if habituation can attenuate the entry of irrelevant speech into the phonological store, challenging the obligatory access assumption.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects underwent a 20-minute habituation period with irrelevant speech.
  • A serial recall task with concurrent irrelevant speech was performed in the test phase.
  • Variations included matching/mismatching habituation and test speech, different languages, humming, and pink noise.

Main Results:

  • The irrelevant speech effect was significantly reduced when habituation speech matched test speech or was in a different language.
  • Humming during habituation also reduced the irrelevant speech effect, unlike pink noise which resulted in a large effect.
  • Findings suggest a habituation-sensitive filter attenuates irrelevant speech entry.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports a two-filter model for the phonological store, with one filter subject to habituation.
  • This habituation mechanism challenges the notion of obligatory access for all speech-like stimuli.
  • The first filter appears permeable to humming, while the second is not, indicating distinct processing pathways.

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