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Preferential input-waveguide grating couplers: rigorous analysis using the pseudospectral time-domain method.

Aristeides D Papadopoulos1, Elias N Glytsis

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15773, Greece. arpapad@mail.ntua.gr

Applied Optics
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
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This study rigorously analyzes preferential input-waveguide grating couplers using advanced numerical methods. Performance comparisons reveal insights into optimizing coupling efficiencies for various waveguide modes.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Waveguide Technology
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Input-waveguide grating couplers are crucial for efficient light coupling into photonic integrated circuits.
  • Different grating coupler designs offer varied performance characteristics.
  • Accurate analysis is essential for optimizing device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously analyze four types of preferential input-waveguide grating couplers.
  • To calculate input coupling efficiencies to various waveguide modes.
  • To comparatively study the performance of different grating coupler designs.

Main Methods:

  • Pseudospectral time-domain method (PSTD) in total field/scattered field (TF/SF) formulation.
  • Convolutional perfect matching layer (CPML) approach for boundary conditions.

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  • Analysis of TE and TM polarizations for various grating coupler types.
  • Main Results:

    • Calculated input coupling efficiencies for volume holographic, slanted parallelogrammic, double-corrugated, and reflecting-stack grating couplers.
    • Detailed performance comparison based on design parameters and operational wavelength.
    • Identification of optimal designs for specific waveguide modes.

    Conclusions:

    • The PSTD-TF/SF method with CPML provides accurate analysis of grating couplers.
    • Design parameters significantly influence coupling efficiency and operational wavelength.
    • Comparative performance data aids in selecting the most suitable grating coupler for photonic applications.