Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cascaded Op Amps

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

Clipper Circuit

Clipper Circuit

A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...

Design Example

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

MOSFET Amplifiers

MOSFET Amplifiers

The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

High efficiency and responsivity universal silicon modulator and detector for the O-band.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Broadband dispersion-engineered Bragg grating mirrors for integrated side-coupled Fabry-Pérot resonators.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Multiplexed nanophotonic sensor arrays for time-resolved biomolecular analysis.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026

Same author

Real-Time Acetone Gas Monitoring Using Calixarene-Functionalized Guided-Mode Resonance-Based Sensors.

ACS photonics·2026

Same author

Electrically Tunable Optofluidic Metasurface.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

On the practical utility of nanoimprint lithography for a small research laboratory.

Nanotechnology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Cascaded modulator architecture for WDM applications.

Kapil Debnath¹, Liam O'Faolain, Frederic Y Gardes

¹School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK.

|December 25, 2012

Summary

Researchers developed a novel photonic crystal modulator array for on-chip wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. This architecture achieves high scalability and low energy consumption, enabling multichannel operation.

More Related Videos

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Photonics
Integrated Optics
Materials Science

Background:

On-chip wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems require high integration density, channel scalability, low switching energy, and low insertion loss.
Existing device geometries partially meet these criteria, but a comprehensive solution remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel architecture for on-chip WDM systems that integrates multiple essential prerequisites.
To achieve high scalability, low switching energy, and multichannel operation in a single device.

Main Methods:

Designed a novel architecture using an array of photonic crystal modulators.
Connected the modulators using a dielectric bus waveguide.
Utilized a comb laser to drive multiple channels simultaneously.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a device architecture with very high scalability.
Achieved AC energy consumption of less than 1 femtojoule per bit (fJ/bit) for the modulators.
Showcased cascadeability and multichannel operation, successfully driving 5 channels simultaneously.

Conclusions:

The proposed photonic crystal modulator array architecture effectively addresses key challenges in on-chip WDM systems.
This novel design offers a promising solution for scalable, energy-efficient, and multichannel integrated photonic systems.