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Updated: May 15, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
Published on: March 20, 2017
Nonlinear mitigation using carrier phase estimation and digital backward propagation in coherent QAM transmission
Chien-Yu Lin1, Rameez Asif, Michael Holtmannspoetter
1Institute of Microwave and Photonics, LHFT, University of Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen 91058, Germany. sichilin@lhft.eei.uni-erlangen.de
Abstract:
We investigate the performance of carrier phase estimation (CPE) and digital backward propagation (DBP) in compensating fiber nonlinearity for 224 Gbps polarization-multiplexed quadrature-amplitude-modulation coherent systems with level of 4 and 16 (PM-4-QAM and PM-16-QAM) over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) uncompensated link. The results from numerical simulation show the individual performance of CPE and DBP as well as their mutual influence. With DBP compensation, required CPE tap number for optimal performance can be reduced by 50% for 4-QAM signal and 67% for 16-QAM signal compared to linear compensation. On the other hand, employing CPE compensation after DBP also allows to reduce DBP steps. In the mentioned PM-16-QAM system, 60% reduction in the required number of DBP steps to achieve BER=10(-3) is possible, with a step-size of 200 km, which reveals great potential to reduce the complexity for future real time implementation.
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